Disaster victim investigation recommendations from two simulated mass disaster scenarios utilized for user acceptance testing CODIS 6.0

Abstract 

Members of the National DNA Data Bank (NDDB) of Canada designed and searched two simulated mass disaster (MD) scenarios for User Acceptance Testing (UAT) of the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) 6.0, developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the US Department of Justice. A simulated airplane MD and inland Tsunami MD were designed representing a closed and open environment respectively. An in-house software program was written to randomly generate DNA profiles from a mock Caucasian population database. As part of the UAT, these two MDs were searched separately using CODIS 6.0. The new options available for identity and pedigree searching in addition to the inclusion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-STR (short tandem repeat) information in CODIS 6.0, led to rapid identification of all victims. A Joint Pedigree Likelihood Ratio (JPLR) was calculated from the pedigree searches and ranks were stored in Rank Manager providing confidence to the user in assigning an Unidentified Human Remain (UHR) to a pedigree tree. Analyses of the results indicated that primary relatives were more useful in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) compared to secondary or tertiary relatives and that inclusion of mtDNA and/or Y-STR technologies helped to link family units together as shown by the software searches. It is recommended that UHRs have as many informative loci possible to assist with their identification. CODIS 6.0 is a valuable technological tool for rapidly and confidently identifying victims of mass disasters.

Abbreviations: DVI, Disaster Victim Identification, MD, mass disaster, MFI, mass fatality incident, CODIS, combined DNA index system, DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, NDDB, National DNA Data Bank of Canada, RCMP, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, FBI, Federal Bureau of Investigation, UAT, user acceptance testing, STR, short tandem repeat, Y-STR, Y chromosome short tandem repeat, mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA sequence, UHR, unidentified human remain, MP, missing person, bp, base pair, LR, likelihood ratio, CLR, combined likelihood ratio, JPLR, joint Pedigree Likelihood Ratio

Keywords: CODIS 6.0, Mass disaster, Disaster Victim Identification, DNA, Joint Pedigree Likelihood Ratio, Pedigree tree searching