Highlights
- •We conducted an analysis of Y-chromosome markers in 226 Bolivian DNA samples.
- •The data were also compared with data on autosomal SNPs and mtDNA.
- •Bolivians show on average 29% of Native American and 65% of European ancestry.
- •There exists important population sub-structure in the country.
- •Bolivians show a strong gender-bias.
Abstract
We have analyzed the specific male genetic component of 226 Bolivians recruited in
five different regions (“departments”), La Paz, Cochabamba, Pando, Beni, and Santa
Cruz. To evaluate the effect of geography on the distribution of genetic variability,
the samples were also grouped into three main eco-geographical regions, namely, Andean,
Sub-Andean, and Llanos. All the individuals were genotyped for 17 Y-STR and 32 Y-SNP
markers. The average Y-chromosome Native American component in Bolivians is 28%, and
it is mainly represented by haplogroup Q1a3a, while the average Y-chromosome European
ancestry is 65%, and it is mainly represented by haplogroup R1b1-P25. The data indicate
that there exists significant population sub-division in the country in terms of continental
ancestry. Thus, the partition of ancestries in Llanos, Sub-Andean, and Andean regions
is as follows (respectively): (i) Native American ancestry: 47%, 7%, and 19%, (ii)
European ancestry: 46%, 86%, and 75%, and (iii) African ancestry: 7%, 7%, and 6%.
The population sub-structure in the country is also well mirrored when inferred from
an AMOVA analysis, indicating that among-population variance in the country reaches
9.74–11.15%. This suggests the convenience of using regional datasets for forensic
applications in Bolivia, instead of using a global and single country database. By
comparing the Y-chromosome patterns with those previously reported on the same individuals
on autosomal SNPs and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), it becomes clear that Bolivians show
a strong gender-bias.
Graphical abstract
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 01, 2014
Accepted:
October 27,
2014
Received in revised form:
October 20,
2014
Received:
August 19,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
