Highlights
- •HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity panel and mtDNA genomes were used to establish kinship.
- •Woman and child from double grave and adjacent child were not maternally related.
- •Funeral rites in Neolithic Lengyel societies could rely on non-biological kinship.
- •HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity panel was useful only in well preserved DNA samples.
Abstract
We applied an interdisciplinary approach to investigate kinship patterns and funerary
practices during the middle Neolithic. Genetic studies, radiocarbon dating, and taphonomic
analyses were used to examine two grave clusters from Krusza Zamkowa, Poland. To reconstruct
kinship and determine biological sex, we extracted DNA from bones and teeth, analyzed
mitochondrial genomes and nuclear SNPs using the HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity panel
generated on Illumina and Ion Torrent platforms, respectively. We further dated the
material (AMS 14C) and to exclude aquatic radiocarbon reservoir effects, measures of carbon and nitrogen
stable isotopes for diet reconstruction were used. We found distinct mitochondrial
genomes belonging to haplogroups U5b2a1a, K1c and H3d in the first grave cluster,
and excluded maternal kin patterns among the three analyzed individuals. In the second
grave cluster one individual belonged to K1a4. However, we could not affiliate the
second individual to a certain haplogroup due to the fragmented state of the mitochondrial
genome. Although the individuals from the second grave cluster differ at position
6643, we believe that more data is needed to fully resolve this issue. We retrieved
between 26 and 77 autosomal SNPs from three of the individuals. Based on kinship estimations,
taking into account the allelic dropout distribution, we could not exclude first degree
kin relation between the two individuals from the second grave cluster. We could,
however, exclude a first degree kinship between these two individuals and an individual
from the first grave cluster. Presumably, not only biological kinship, but also social
relations played an important role in the funerary practice during this time period.
We further conclude that the HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Identity Panel may prove useful for
first degree kin relation studies for samples with good DNA preservation, and that
mitochondrial genome capture enrichment is a powerful tool for excluding direct maternal
relationship in ancient individuals.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 14, 2016
Accepted:
October 13,
2016
Received in revised form:
September 15,
2016
Received:
June 24,
2016
Identification
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