Highlights
- •The optimal index system was screened out for wound age estimation based on next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics.
- •The index systems for wound age estimation were based on series of changes in biological and time-related processes.
- •Genes with significant differences in expression between adjacent time points were more suitable for wound age estimation.
- •An appropriate index system is more crucial to improving the accuracy of wound age estimation.
Abstract
Accurate estimation of the wound age is critical in investigating intentional injury
cases. Establishing objective and reliable biological indicators to estimate wound
age is still a significant challenge in forensic medicine. Therefore, exploring an
objective, flexible, and reliable index system selection method for wound age estimation
based on next-generation sequencing gene expression profiles is necessary. We randomly
divided 63 Sprague-Dawley rats into a control group, seven experimental groups (n = 7
per group), and an external validation group. After rats in the experimental and external
validation groups suffered contusions, we sacrificed them at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24,
and 48 h after contusion, respectively. We selected 54 genes with the most significant
changes between adjacent time points after contusion and defined set A. The Hub genes
with time-related expression patterns were set B, C, and D through next-generation
sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Four different machine learning classification
algorithms, including logistic regression, support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron,
and random forest were used to compare and verify the efficiency of four index systems
to estimate the wound age. The best combination for wound age estimation is the Genes
ascribed to set A combined with the random forest classification algorithm. The accuracy
of external verification was 85.71%. Only one rat was incorrectly classified (4 h
post-injury incorrectly classified as 8 h). This study demonstrated the potential
advantage of the index system selection based on next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics
analysis for wound age estimation.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 13, 2022
Accepted:
May 10,
2022
Received in revised form:
April 30,
2022
Received:
November 19,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
