Highlights
- •55 STRs and 94 SNPs were selected by combining three CE systems and one NGS system.
- •The marker set with 55 STRs and 94 SNPs provides a powerful tool for complex kinship analysis.
- •LR values are improved when calculated by sequence polymorphism.
- •Linkage events should be considered when numerous markers were applied.
Abstract
Complex kinship analysis is a critical issue in forensic genetics. To address this
issue, 55 STRs and 94 SNPs collected from four commercial forensic typing kits [three
kits were based on a capillary electrophoresis (CE) platform and one was based on
a next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform] were employed to test the system power
for 2nd-degree and 3rd-degree kinship analysis. To measure the kinship index in related
individuals, likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated based on length and sequence
polymorphism information (LRlength and LRsequence, respectively) from simulation as well as true pedigree samples. LRs calculated based
on sequence information are generally higher than those based on length information.
The sensitivity, specificity, and effectiveness to distinguish the 2nd- and 3rd-degree
kinship were estimated from four marker sets with different numbers of markers. As
expected, system power for kinship analysis improved by increasing the number of markers
and using LRsequence, instead of LRlength. Furthermore, the system power based on 55 STRs from the CE platform is equal to
the 40 STRs and 94 SNPs from one CE kit and the kit based on NGS platform for both
2nd-degree and 3rd-degree kinship analysis. For discrimination of 2nd-degree kinship,
the system effectiveness is 86.63% with an error ratio < 0.01 using the 55 STRs from
the CE platform. Using sequence information from the 55 STRs and 94 SNPs, the system
effectiveness is 94.43%, with an error ratio < 0.001 for 2nd-degree kinship analysis
and 64.34% with an error ratio < 0.05 for 3rd-degree kinship analysis, indicating
that these markers are powerful for 2nd-degree kinship analysis and can be used for
3rd-degree kinship analysis.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: June 17, 2022
Accepted:
June 12,
2022
Received in revised form:
June 4,
2022
Received:
December 17,
2021
Identification
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